Anyone who saw the episode of the BBC documentary Tropic of Cancer last month in which journalist Simon Reeve travelled across Western Sahara would have seen Rachid Sghair. He was the human rights campaigner who bravely appeared before the camera to denounce the 35-year Moroccan occupation of his country and the resulting human rights abuses suffered by Sahrawi people.
Today Sghair is in a critical condition after having spent the last month on hunger strike in a Moroccan prison. Along with five other prominent human rights defenders, he has been refusing food in protest at their detention without trial. Arrested on 8 October last year and charged with treason, they are awaiting a military tribunal. If found guilty, Sghair and his colleagues could face the death penalty. Amnesty International has adopted them as prisoners of conscience imprisoned for the peaceful exercise of freedom of expression and yesterday human rights groups around the world were holding vigils calling for their immediate release.
After "secretly" filming an interview for Topic of Cancer, broadcast on BBC2 on 14 March, Sghair, a member of the Committee Action against Torture, was arrested and beaten. He was later released only to be rearrested together with the other human rights activists when they returned from a humanitarian visit to the Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria. More than 165,000 Sahrawis have lived in these desert camps since Morocco's unlawful invasion of Western Sahara in 1975, separated from their homeland by a 1,500-mile fortified wall.
The hunger strike has once again highlighted the need for human rights monitoring in the disputed territory and added strength to a growing international demand for the United Nations to implement such monitoring.
Last week, the publication of a UN report on Western Sahara was met with disappointment and anger by Sahrawis who pointed to the failure of the UN to uphold its obligations under article 73 of its own charter regarding human rights in non-self-governing territories. The report, which will inform the drafting of a new security council resolution, acknowledged human rights violations in Western Sahara but failed to offer a mechanism to address them.
Minurso, the UN mission for Western Sahara, has the dubious distinction of being the only contemporary peacekeeping mission without a mandate to monitor human rights and human rights defenders in the disputed territory are regular victims of arbitrary arrest, sexual violence, torture and "disappearance". Morocco opposes human rights monitoring and at the UN last year France was the key country to block its implementation.
Guaranteeing the human rights in the territory is seen as a requisite for creating conditions under which the long-awaited referendum on self-determination can be held. The referendum was the basis of the 1991 UN ceasefire agreement between Morocco and the Polisario Front, but has been repeatedly obstructed in the ensuing decades. Reacting angrily to last week's report the exiled president of the Saharawi Republic, Mohamed Abdelaziz, stated that "we are fast reaching the conclusion that the UN has neither the capacity nor the fortitude to address Moroccan obstructions and deliver – finally – on its promise of a free and fair referendum".
In the meantime the six – Sghair, Ahmed Alansari, Brahim Dahane, Yahdih Ettarouzi, Ali Salem Tamek, and Saleh Labihi – remain in Salé prison, near Rabat, far from their homes in Western Sahara. Doctors are concerned that, after a month without food, they could be nearing an irreversible deterioration that could result in their death's even if they were to abandon the hunger strike.
"This is a deeply worrying and tragic situation," Simon Reeve said. "I can only hope Rachid receives the proper medical help and legal representation that he deserves. The rest of the world really needs to get more involved in this lingering tragedy, because at the moment there's little sign of a resolution to the wider issues surrounding Western Sahara. The international community must help the two sides come to some sort of agreement, so the Saharawi people can leave their desert refugee camps and return to their home in Western Sahara."